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Pertemuan 11: Laravel 2 (Migration Seeder Factory) & Authentication

Pemrograman Website — diselenggarakan oleh Fakultas Teknologi Informasi dan Sains Data Universitas Sebelas Maret, Semester Genap 2024/2025

1. Migration​

Migration adalah fitur Laravel yang memungkinkan kita mengelola versi skema database menggunakan kode PHP. Setiap perubahan struktur database ditulis dalam file migration, sehingga pengelolaan skema database menjadi lebih terstruktur, terdokumentasi, dan bisa dikontrol versi-nya.

Kelebihan Menggunakan Migration​

  • Menghindari inkonsistensi struktur database.
  • Dapat digunakan oleh tim secara kolaboratif.
  • Bisa rollback jika ada kesalahan pada struktur.
  • Dapat diatur menggunakan version control seperti Git.

Perintah Dasar​

php artisan make:migration create_users_table
php artisan migrate
php artisan migrate:rollback

Contoh Migration​

// database/migrations/xxxx_xx_xx_create_products_table.php
public function up()
{
    Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->string('name');
        $table->double('price');
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

2. Seeder & Factory​

Pengertian​

  • Seeder: Digunakan untuk mengisi data awal atau data dummy ke dalam tabel database. Cocok untuk testing dan pengembangan.
  • Factory: Menghasilkan data dummy secara otomatis dengan atribut acak berdasarkan template yang ditentukan, menggunakan library Faker.

Kelebihan​

  • Menghemat waktu input manual saat testing.
  • Dapat mengisi database dalam jumlah besar.
  • Dapat digunakan pada CI/CD pipeline.

Langkah-langkah​

a. Membuat Factory​

php artisan make:factory ProductFactory --model=Product
// database/factories/ProductFactory.php
public function definition()
{
    return [
        'name' => $this->faker->word(),
        'price' => $this->faker->randomFloat(2, 1000, 100000),
    ];
}

b. Membuat Seeder​

php artisan make:seeder ProductSeeder
// database/seeders/ProductSeeder.php
public function run()
{
    \App\Models\Product::factory(10)->create();
}

c. Menjalankan Seeder​

php artisan db:seed --class=ProductSeeder

d. Menjalankan Semua Seeder​

Tambahkan ke DatabaseSeeder.php:

public function run()
{
    $this->call(ProductSeeder::class);
}

Jalankan:

php artisan db:seed

3. Authentication​

A. Auth Secara Manual (Vanilla Laravel)​

Laravel dapat menangani otentikasi secara manual tanpa menggunakan starter kit seperti Breeze atau UI. Berikut adalah langkah-langkahnya:

1. Migration dan Model User​

Pastikan tabel users sudah tersedia dari default Laravel.

// users table migration (default)
$table->string('name');
$table->string('email')->unique();
$table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
$table->string('password');

2. Routing​

Tambahkan route login, register, dan logout:

// routes/web.php

use App\Http\Controllers\AuthController;

Route::get('/register', [AuthController::class, 'showRegisterForm']);
Route::post('/register', [AuthController::class, 'register']);

Route::get('/login', [AuthController::class, 'showLoginForm'])->name('login');
Route::post('/login', [AuthController::class, 'login']);

Route::post('/logout', [AuthController::class, 'logout'])->name('logout');

3. Controller​

php artisan make:controller AuthController
// app/Http/Controllers/AuthController.php

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;

class AuthController extends Controller
{
    public function showRegisterForm()
    {
        return view('auth.register');
    }

    public function register(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'name' => 'required',
            'email' => 'required|email|unique:users',
            'password' => 'required|min:6|confirmed',
        ]);

        User::create([
            'name' => $request->name,
            'email' => $request->email,
            'password' => Hash::make($request->password),
        ]);

        return redirect('/login');
    }

    public function showLoginForm()
    {
        return view('auth.login');
    }

    public function login(Request $request)
    {
        $credentials = $request->only('email', 'password');

        if (Auth::attempt($credentials)) {
            $request->session()->regenerate();
            return redirect()->intended('/dashboard');
        }

        return back()->withErrors([
            'email' => 'Login gagal. Periksa kembali email dan password.',
        ]);
    }

    public function logout(Request $request)
    {
        Auth::logout();
        $request->session()->invalidate();
        $request->session()->regenerateToken();
        return redirect('/login');
    }
}

4. View Blade​

Buat folder resources/views/auth dan tambahkan dua file:

  • login.blade.php
  • register.blade.php

Isi sederhana:

<!-- resources/views/auth/login.blade.php -->
<form method="POST" action="/login">
    @csrf
    <input name="email" type="email" placeholder="Email">
    <input name="password" type="password" placeholder="Password">
    <button type="submit">Login</button>
</form>
<!-- resources/views/auth/register.blade.php -->
<form method="POST" action="/register">
    @csrf
    <input name="name" type="text" placeholder="Name">
    <input name="email" type="email" placeholder="Email">
    <input name="password" type="password" placeholder="Password">
    <input name="password_confirmation" type="password" placeholder="Confirm Password">
    <button type="submit">Register</button>
</form>

5. Proteksi Halaman​

Gunakan middleware auth:

Route::get('/dashboard', function () {
    return view('dashboard');
})->middleware('auth');

B. Starter Kit (Breeze, UI, Jetstream)​

Laravel juga menyediakan starter kit otentikasi yang siap pakai untuk mempercepat pengembangan.

Laravel Breeze​

Instalasi​
composer require laravel/breeze --dev
php artisan breeze:install
npm install && npm run dev
php artisan migrate
Jalankan Server​
php artisan serve

Akses:

  • http://localhost:8000/register
  • http://localhost:8000/login

Laravel UI (Alternatif)​

composer require laravel/ui
php artisan ui bootstrap --auth
npm install && npm run dev
php artisan migrate

Referensi​